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1.
Nutr Hosp ; 29(1): 128-35, 2014 Jan 01.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24483970

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Health inequality is the difference in incidence, prevalence, mortality, volume of diseases and other adverse sanitary conditions that exist between groups of specific populations. OBJECTIVES: To analyze the possible nutritional inequalities between two educational centers of Madrid to promote healthy habits, to anticipate the obesity and the diseases associated in the children population. METHODS: Observational and transverse study on a sample of 118 students (14 years old/3ºESO) of two educational centers of different socioeconomic level. They underwent a survey on lifestyle, anthropometric examinations and measurement of blood pressure and physical activity. RESULTS: In both centers normal weight prevails in both sexes without differences as for the percentage of pupils that are overweight. Major obesity is registered in the public school more than in the private school. The correlation stands out between the percentiles body mass index (BMI) and the blood pressure (BP) (to major BMI, major B.P). The food pattern is similarly independent from the socioeconomic stratum. The fifth part of the pupils (principally women) does not practice any type of physical activity in their free time and they dedicate almost 2 daily hours to sedentary activities. CONCLUSIONS: As a whole, the two educational centers are in the average weight range, even though a tendency has been found in the public school that there is double the rate of obesity. These results can be attributed to the small sample size or that the sociocultural inequality to nutritional level is not so accentuated in the city of Madrid. Prevention and promotion of healthy habits is the way of combating against overweight, juvenile obesity, cardiovascular risk factors and cardiovascular diseases in the adult age.


Assuntos
Inquéritos Nutricionais , Instituições Acadêmicas/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Peso Corporal , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Estado Nutricional , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Espanha/epidemiologia
2.
Nutr. hosp ; 29(1): 128-135, ene. 2014. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-120564

RESUMO

Introducción: La inequidad en salud es la diferencia en incidencia, prevalencia, mortalidad, volumen de enfermedades y otras condiciones adversas sanitarias que existen entre grupos de poblaciones específicas. Objetivo: Identificar y analizar las posibles desigualdades nutricionales entre dos centros educativos de dos distritos municipales de la ciudad de Madrid, para promover hábitos saludables, prevenir la obesidad y las enfermedades asociadas en la población infantil. Métodos: Estudio observacional, transversal en 118 estudiantes de 3o Educación Secundaria Obligatoria (14 años) de dos centros escolares de diferente nivel socioeconómico. Realización de un cuestionario general de salud validado, medidas antropométricas, presión arterial y actividad física. Resultados: En los dos centros prevalece el normopeso en ambos sexos sin diferencias en cuanto al porcentaje de alumnos con sobrepeso, registrándose un mayor grado de obesidad en el centro público que en el centro privado. Destaca la correlación entre el índice de masa corporal (IMC) percentilado y la presión arterial (PA) (a mayor IMC, mayor PA). Los patrones alimentarios son similares e independientes del estrato socioeconómico. La quinta parte de los alumnos (principalmente mujeres) no realiza ningún tipo de actividad física en su tiempo libre y dedican casi dos horas diarias a acciones sedentarias. Conclusiones: En su conjunto los dos centros educativos se encuentran en normopeso, aunque se observa una tendencia a la obesidad en el centro público frente al centro privado. Estos resultados pueden atribuirse al pequeño tamaño de la muestra o que la inequidad sociocultural a nivel nutricional no se encuentra tan acentuada en la ciudad de Madrid. La prevención y promoción de hábitos saludables es la forma de enfrentarse al sobrepeso, la obesidad juvenil, los factores de riesgo cardiovascular y las enfermedades cardiovasculares en la edad adulta (AU)


Introduction: Health inequality is the difference in incidence, prevalence, mortality, volume of diseases and other adverse sanitary conditions that exist between groups of specific populations. Objectives: To analyze the possible nutritional inequalities between two educational centers of Madrid to promote healthy habits, to anticipate the obesity and the diseases associated in the children population. Methods: Observational and transverse study on a sample of 118 students (14 years old/3oESO) of two educational centers of different socioeconomic level. They underwent a survey on lifestyle, anthropometric examinations and measurement of blood pressure and physical activity. Results: In both centers normal weight prevails in both sexes without differences as for the percentage of pupils that are overweight. Major obesity is registered in the public school more than in the private school. The correlation stands out between the percentiles body mass index (BMI) and the blood pressure (BP) (to major BMI, major B.P). The food pattern is similarly independent from the socioeconomic stratum. The fifth part of the pupils (principally women) does not practice any type of physical activity in their free time and they dedicate almost 2 daily hours to sedentary activities. Conclusions: As a whole, the two educational centers are in the average weight range, even though a tendency has been found in the public school that there is double the rate of obesity. These results can be attributed to the small sample size or that the sociocultural inequality to nutritional level is not so accentuated in the city of Madrid. Prevention and promotion of healthy habits is the way of combating against overweight, juvenile obesity, cardiovascular risk factors and cardiovascular diseases in the adult age (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Alimentação Escolar , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Programas Gente Saudável , Equidade no Acesso aos Serviços de Saúde , Disparidades nos Níveis de Saúde , Setor Privado/estatística & dados numéricos , Setor Público/estatística & dados numéricos , Terapia por Exercício , Educação Alimentar e Nutricional
3.
Clín. investig. arterioscler. (Ed. impr.) ; 24(5): 241-249, sept.-oct. 2012. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-106328

RESUMO

Introducción: Este trabajo forma parte de un programa llevado a cabo en 10 oficinas de farmacia (OF) de Madrid y consiste en una intervención efectiva de pérdida saludable de peso en adultos con sobrepeso. Objetivo Conseguir una disminución significativa del índice de masa corporal (IMC) y del perímetro de cintura. Estudiar el descenso de la presión arterial sistólica (PAS) y del nivel de colesterol . Método Estudio longitudinal de 6 meses de duración con intervención nutricional para ayudar a perder peso a personas elegidas aleatoriamente entre usuarios de OF. Se ha utilizado una hoja de seguimiento que ha recogido los datos antropométricos y bioquímicos de los usuarios en visitas quincenales. Se ha llevado a cabo formación en pautas dietéticas y en actividad física, y se ha promocionado el seguimiento de la dieta mediterránea (DM). Se han realizado encuestas de actividad física y de adherencia a la DM de dichos usuarios Resultados Completaron la intervención 158 usuarios de OF (21 de ellos hombres) de edad media=48±15 años e IMC=31,08±11kg/m2. Al comienzo del estudio el número de usuarios con hipertensión arterial (HTA) crecía exponencialmente con el IMC. Para IMC <25 hubo un 8% de hipertensos; para IMC entre 25 y <30 hubo un 16% de hipertensos; para IMC entre 30 y <35 hubo un 29% de hipertensos; para IMC entre 35 y <40 hubo un 32% de hipertensos, y para IMC entre 40 y 45 hubo un 80% de hipertensos. La misma relación exponencial se ha encontrado entre la edad y la HTA de dichos usuarios. El IMC, la PAS (..) (AU)


Introduction This work has been part of a programme carried on 10 pharmacy offices (PO) in Madrid, and has consisted of an effective intervention for a healthy loss of weight in overweight adults. Objective Achievement of a significative weight loss measured by the body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference. Study the decrease of the systolic blood pressure (SBP) and blood cholesterol. Method Longitudinal study of 6 months with nutritional intervention. People chosen randomly among users of 10 PO. Record of anthropometric and biochemical parameters on fortnightly visits, and a questionnaire of physical activity and Mediterranean diet (MD) adherence. Training material on dietary guidelines, physical activity and MD.


Assuntos
Humanos , Redução de Peso , Hipertensão/terapia , Hipercolesterolemia/terapia , Sobrepeso/dietoterapia , Obesidade/dietoterapia , Avaliação de Resultado de Intervenções Terapêuticas , Dieta Redutora
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